Radioactivity: law of radioactive decay, radioactive series, determination of age. Definition of kinetic concepts: rate of consumption and formation, amount of chemical transformations. Rate laws: differential and integrated forms, determination of order and rate coefficients from experimental data. Complex mechanisms and derived rate laws (steady state approximation). Temperature dependence of reaction rates. Experimental techniques of measuring reaction rates: flow techniques, stopped flow, relaxation methods, flash photolysis, laser techniques. Kinetic theory of gases and intermolecular collisions. Collision theory: collision parameter, collision cross section, energy threshold, reactive collisions, steric parameter. Transition state theory: main assumptions, reaction coordinate potential energy surfaces, partition functions and statistical thermodynamic interpretation. Kinetic isotope effects. Unimolecular and trimolecular reactions. Reactions in solution: solvent effect on reaction rates, kinetic salt effect. Photochemical reactions. Reaction dynamics. Catalysis and enzyme kinetics.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. To describe the types of radioactive decay. To define the law of radioactive decay and radioactive series. To explain age determination by means of measurement of radioactivity of 14C isotope.
2. To determine reaction rate law using different experimental approaches and techniques.
3. To derive the rate the rate law for different proposed reaction mechanisms.
4. To describe in detail kinetic theory of gases and to explain its results.
5. To derive the expression for the rate coefficient and its temperature dependence by means of collision theory.
6. To derive the expression for the rate coefficient and its temperature dependence by means of transition state theory.
7. To critically compare the results of collision and transition state theories.
8. To state the diffusion laws and to derive Stokes-Einstein equation for diffusion coefficient.
9. To discriminate reactions in solution determined by activation and diffusion. To derive the expression for the rate coefficient of diffusion-controlled reaction.
10. To qualitatively and quantitatively describe homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and autocatalysis.
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- 1. T. Cvitaš, Fizikalna kemija, rukopis u pripremi, kopije dostupne u CKB.
2. S. R. Logan, Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics, Longman, London 1996.
3. P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula: Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 7. izd., Oxford University Press, Oxford 2002.
4. W. C. Gardiner, Rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions, Benjamin, New York 1969.
- S. R. Logan: Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics, Longman, London 1996.
- P. W. Atkins, J. dePaula: Atkins'Physical chemistry, 7. izd., Oxford University Press, Oxford 2002.
- W. C. Gardiner: Rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions, Benjamin, New York 1969.
- S. W. Benson: Thermochemical kinetics, Wiley, New York 1976.
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