1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	30
Practicum	15

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

1. describing the basic principles of subterranean ecosystem ecology
2. determining physical resources and explaining the relationship between wildlife resources and the physical environment
3. recording and explaining species interactions
4. describing factors effecting animal colonisation and speciation in subterranean environment
5. using diagnostic features to classify subterranean habitats and communities
6. data analysing in ecology

LECTURES (30 hours):
1. Introductory lecture: the content and aim of the course, the principles of assessment and work, students' competence, the creation of working groups, the division of duties and working materials, a literature review of studies of subterranean ecosystems; (2 hours)
2. Subterranean world: concepts of subterranean ecosystems and biom; (2 hours)
3. The functioning of subterranean aquatic ecosystems: karst and alluvial aquifers; (2 hours)
4. A classification of terrestrial subterranean habitats; (2 hours)
5. A classification of aquatic subterranean habitats; (2 hours)
6. A classification of subterranean fauna; (2 hours)
7. Adaptations to life in subterranean environment; (2 hours)
8. Origin, colonisation and speciation of subterranean organisms; (2 hours)
9. Food webs and energy flow in subterranean ecosystems and biom; (2 hours)
10. Taxonomic overview of obligate subterranean species; (2 hours)
11. Community structure and dynamic in subterranean environment; (2 hours)
12. Diversity and biogeography of subterranean fauna; (2 hours)
13. Sampling methods for subterranean organisms; (2 hours)
14. Principles of conservation biology in research of subterranean environment; (2 hours)
15. Types of threats and mechanisms for the protection of groundwater ecosystems. (2 hours)

EXERCISES (15 hours):
1. FILEDWORK: Medvednica Mt.: Ponikve - Gornji Stenjevec (spring Jambrišakovo vrelo, cave Veternica, spring Dubravica): sampling procedure on ecotonal habitats, crenon, epikarstic zone, cave habitats, and hyporeic (6 hours);
2. FILEDWORK: Podsusedsko Dolje - crenobiology on thermal springs, sampling procedure in freatic zone (4 hours);
3. Laboratory analysis of samples from hyporeic zone (1 hour);
4. Laboratory analysis of sample from crenon (1 hour);
5. Affinity analysis: crustaceans in anchialine caves (1 hour);
6. Life history analysis: laboratory observations of the life history traits of the genus Niphargus (1 hour);
7. Life history analysis: presentation of results using Microsoft Excell (1 hour).

1. Gottstein Matočec, S. (ur.), Ozimec, R., Jalžić, B., Kerovec, M., Bakran-Petricioli, T. 2002. Raznolikost i ugroženost podzemne faune Hrvatske [Croatian hypogean fauna - Diversity and threats]. Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prostornog uređenja, Zagreb, str. 1-82. (book is in croatian with extended english summary)
   
   Gottstein Matočec, S. (ur.), Bakran-Petricioli, T., Bedek, J., Bukovec, D., Buzjak, S., Franičević, M., Jalžić, B., Kerovec, M., Kletečki, E., Kralj, J., Kružić, P., Kučinić, M., Kuhta, M., Matočec, N., Ozimec, R., Rađa, T., Štamol, V., Ternjej, I. & N. Tvrtković 2002. An overview of the cave and interstitial biota of Croatia. Natura Croatica 11 (Suppl. 1): 1-112.
   
   Gottstein, S. 2010. Priručnik za određivanje podzemnih staništa u Hrvatskoj prema direktivi o staništima EU [The Manual for Classification of Underground Habitats in Croatia]. Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Zagreb, str. 1-99. (book is in croatian with extended english summary)
2. Culver, D., Pipan, T. 2009. The Biology of Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 1-254.
3. Camacho, A. I. (ur.) 1992. The Natural History of Biospeleology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, pp 1- 680.
   
   Giachino, P.M., Vailati, D. 2010. The subterranean environment. Hypogean life, concepts and collecting techniques. WBA Handbooks 3, Verona, pp 1-132.
   
   Gibert, J., Danielopol, D. L., Stanford, J. A. (ur.) 1994. Groundwater Ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 1-571.
   
   Gibert, J., Mathieu, J., Fournier, F. (ur.) 1997. Groundwater/Surface Water Ecotones: Biological and Hydrological Interactions and Management Options. International Hydrology Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1-246.
   
   Romero, A. 2009. Cave Biology. Life in Darkness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1-291.
   
   Stoch, F. (ur.) Caves and karstic phenomena. Life in the subterranean world. Italian Ministry of the Environment and Territory Protection, Udine, pp 1-159.
   
   Watson, J., Hamilton-Smith, E., Gillieson, D., Kiernan, K. 1997. Guidelines for cave and karst protection. IUCN, The World Conservation Union, Gland, pp 1-63.
   
   Wilkens, H., Culver, D. C., Humphreys, W. F. (ur.) 2000. Subterranean Ecosystems. Ecosystems of the World 30. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-791.

Izborni predmeti - Regular module - Zoology