1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	30
Exercises	15

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To introduce students to the basics of climatology and its elements. Physical understanding of long-term changes in the atmosphere and oceans. Introduction to basic methods in climatology (statistical, analytical, numerical, ...).

COURSE SYLLABUS:
1. Introduction. Historical development of climatology.
2. Climate system. Climate elements. Climate factors.
3. Heat in the atmosphere. Solar radiation in the atmosphere. Radiation balance. Energy balance.
4. Radiation of the Earth and the atmosphere. Meridional heat transport. Heating and cooling of the troposphere.
5. Heat balance of the Earth's surface. Vertical transport below the surface. Ocean currents.
6. Spatial and temporal changes in air temperature. Measures of maritime and continentality.
7. General circulation of the atmosphere.
8. Atmospheric currents of different spatial scales.
9. Hydrological cycle.
10. Spatial and temporal changes in precipitation.
11. Basics of bioclimatology and bioclimatological indices.
12. Climate classifications: Thornthwaite and Koppen.
13. Natural and anthropogenic climate change.
14. Climate models and parameterizations of physical processes.
15. Review of the entire material.

LEARNING METHOD:
Listening to lectures, studying notes, and available literature. Analysis of examples and solving problems through exercises.

TEACHING METHODS:
Following lectures and discussions. Independent solving of problems with real data. Instructing students to independently study the literature. Using websites.

METHOD OF MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT:
Interview, written and oral exam.

CONDITIONS FOR SIGNATURE:
Regular attendance (attendance at more than 2/3 of classes). Accurate independent completion of homework (exercises) on the computer.

METHOD OF TAKING THE EXAM:
Written (students who pass all the interviews may be exempted from the written part of the exam) and
oral exam.

METHOD OF LEARNING:
Listening to lectures, studying notes, and available literature. Analysis of examples and solving problems through exercises.

1. Hartman, D.L.: Global Physical Climatology. Academic Press, N.Y., 1994.
   Hidore, J.J., J.E. Oliver: Climatology: An Atmospheric Science. Macmillan, 1993.
   Penzar, B., B. Makjanić: Uvod u opću klimatologiju, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 1978.
2. Hidore, J.J., J.E. Oliver: Climatology: An Atmospheric Science. Macmillan, 1993.
3. Penzar, B., B. Makjanić: Uvod u opću klimatologiju, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 1978.

Mandatory course - Regular study - Meteorology and Physical Oceanography
Mandatory course - Regular study - Seismology and Physics of Solid Earth