COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Define, derive and analyse the impact of lateral inhomogeneities and anisotropy on propagation and scattering of seismic waves and generation of coda waves. Analyse and discuss local coda waves. Describe generation and derive the equations of free oscillations of the Earth. Discussion of characteristics of free oscillations of the Earth.
COURSE CONTENT:
Fundamentals of theory of scattering of elastic waves in inhomogeneous media. Coda waves of local earthquakes. Quality factor (Qc) of coda waves, measurements and interpretation. Dependence of Qc on frequency and elapsed time. Seismic anisotropy. Tensor ofelasticity and fundamental properties of seismic plane waves in homogeneous anisotropic media. Equations of motion in 1-D and 2-D and in Earth as a uniform elastic sphere. Determination of eigen values and eigen functions of free oscillations. Spherical harmonics.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
After completing the course Seismology IV (6 ECTS) the student should be able to:
1 Outline generation and characteristics of local coda waves.
2 Measure, calculate and interpret Qc of coda waves.
3 Analyse frequency and time dependence of the Qc factor.
4 Discriminate isotropic and anisotropic media.
5 Describe seismic anisotropy and its causes.
6 Define anisotropic structures in Earth's crust and mantle.
7 Define and describe basic systems of symmetry important for seismology.
8 Derive and discuss equations of free oscillations of Earth.
LEARNING MODE:
Attending of lectures, study notes and study literature.Derivation of the equations and analysis of examples.
TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures, discussion. Derivation of the equations. Solving problems regarding determination of Qc quality factor of coda waves. Teleseismic shear wave splitting analysis.
TERMS FOR RECEIVING THE SIGNATURE:
Positively graded first homework and submitted second homework. Attendance at least 70% of classes (lectures and exercises).
EXAMINATION METHODS:
The exam consists of two homework assignments in the form of a report for assessment and an oral exam. The final grade is the arithmetic mean of the grades from the homework assignments and the oral exam.
The homework assignment consists of a task that student must solve and present the solution in the form of a written report (seminar/paper) in which the basic professional terms, data, method and procedure (briefly) are described, the results are described with a short interpretation or discussion, and an appropriate graphic representation and conclusion are present. The assignment is also presented orally (short presentation). The assessment considers physical accuracy (the greatest weight in the assessment), the structure of the report, the presentation of results and (professional) literacy. The final grade from the homework assignments is the average of the grades from the individual homework assignments. Each homework assignment is assessed separately, and the arithmetic mean of both assessed assignments is taken as the homework grade. In order to be able to take the oral exam, both homework assignments must be positively assessed.
The oral exam consists of questions in which you need to define/describe/explain technical terms and derive equations from the course material.
LITERATURE (MANDATORY):
69 / 5.000
Internal course script published on the e-course on the Merlin system
Aki, K., P.G. Richards: Quantitative Seismology, 2nd Ed., University Science Books, Sansalito, California 2002.
Sato, H., M. C. Fehler: Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1997.
Stein, S., M. Wysession: An introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structure, Blackwell Publ. 2003.
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- Aki, K., P.G. Richards: Quantitative Seismology, 2nd Ed., University Science Books, Sansalito, California 2002.
- Sato, H., M. C. Fehler: Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1997.
- Stein, S. & Wysession: An introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structure, Blackwell Publ. 2003.
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