COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the course Plant structure and function is to learn the basics of the anatomical and morphological structure of plants and to connect the structure with the life processes of plants and their evolution and adaptations to different living conditions. The goal is also to recognize native plants or plant groups based on their basic anatomical and morphological features and adaptation to environmental conditions.
COURSE CONTENT:
LECTURES
1) Plant cell and ergastic substances;
2) Parenchyma and formative tissues;
3) Dermal tissues;
4) Mechanical and conductive tissues;
5) Primary structure of the stem and its transition from primary to the secondary structure;
6) Secondary structure of the stem;
7) Root and leaf anatomy;
8) Change of generations in plants: structure and function of gametophytes and sporophytes, isosporous and heterosporous plants, evolutionary development;
9) Gymnosperms: morphological-anatomical features of vegetative and generative organs, forms of pollination and fertilization, taxonomic diversity;
10) Angiosperm sporophyte: morphological-anatomical features of vegetative and generative organs, forms of pollination and fertilization, taxonomic diversity;
11) Transformations of plant organs and germination of seeds;
12) Flowers: structure and function of sterile leaves (perianth) and fertile leaves (androecium and gynoecium);
13) Inflorescence: racemose and cymose, acropetal and basipetal flowering sequence;
14) Fruits and seeds: appearance, classification and forms of distribution;
15) Basics of plant nomenclature and determination manuals; Herbarium collections and guidelines for carrying out floristic research.
The lectures are complemented by exercises and field teaching, which enables the theoretical foundation to be upgraded with practical work. The exercises that will take place within the course will be based on lectures and available literature.
EXERCISES
1) Ergastic substances - comparison of structures;
2) Dermal tissues - primary, secondary and tertiary form;
3) Mechanical and conductive tissues - primary and secondary structure;
4) Primary structure of the stem and its transition from primary to the secondary structure - structural and functional differences;
5) Primary structure of the root - structure and function;
6) Secondary structure of the stem - structure and function;
7) Gametophyte and sporophyte of mosses, ferns and seed plants;
8) Sporophyte of gymnosperms and angiosperms - seeds and germination;
9) Sporophyte of angiosperms - homologous and analogous organs;
10) Flowers - perianth;
11) Flowers - androecium and gynoecium;
12) Inflorescence;
13) Fruits;
14) Field work and determination of plants;
15) Creating a student herbarium.
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Morfologija biljaka: razvoj, građa i uloga biljnih tkiva, organa i organskih sustava, T. Nikolić, Morfologija biljaka: razvoj, građa i uloga biljnih tkiva, organa i organskih sustava (Alfa, Zagreb, 2017.), T. Nikolić, Alfa, Zagreb, 2017.
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Morfologija bilja - interna skripta, B. Mitić, D. Hruševar, Morfologija bilja - interna skripta (Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Zagreb, 2021.), B. Mitić, D. Hruševar, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Zagreb, 2021.
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Botanika: Morfologija i fiziologija, D. Denfer, H. Ziegler, Botanika: Morfologija i fiziologija (Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1988.), D. Denfer, H. Ziegler, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1988.
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Flora Croatica Database, Flora Croatica Database, https://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd/, https://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd/, Botanički zavod, PMF, FER-ZPR, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, uz podršku Zavoda za zaštitu okoliša i prirode, 2004.
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