1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	15
Practicum	30
Seminar	15

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the course Physiology of the Endocrine System is to learn the basics of the functioning of the endocrine system, to recognize the importance of the endocrine system as a control mechanism in the functioning of organisms, and the maintenance of homeostasis.
COURSE CONTENT:
The teaching will take place in the form of lectures, seminars, and practical exercises.
LECTURES
1. Introduction to the endocrine system. What are hormones? The principles of hormone function. The organization of the endocrine system. What are endocrine glands?
2. Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. Hormone action and interaction mechanisms. The control mechanisms of hormone secretion. Transmitting information via hormones.
3. Hormonal control of lipid metabolism of carbohydrates and protein.
4. Glucocorticoids, adenokortikoidi and corticotropin releasing hormone, catecholamines, serotonin and related hormones.
5. Excretion and metabolism of insulin. Glucagon and glucagon-like peptides. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia.
6. Hormonal control of the metabolism of water and electrolytes. Aldosterone and the renin-angiotensin system. Antidiuretic hormone regulates other quantities of water and electrolytes in the body.
7. Hormonal regulation of calcium and phosphate. Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptides. Calcitonin. Vitamin D. Regulation of Calcium homeostasis. Bone development. Osteoporosis.
8. Hormones and reproductive system. Sexual determination and differentiation of the reproductive system. The male reproductive system. Spermatogenesis and the regulatory functions of the testes. The androgenic hormones and their function.
9. Female reproductive system. Folliculogenesis, ovulation, luteogenesis. The synthesis and secretion of ovarian hormones. Estrogen and progesterone. Hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle and ovulation.
10. Pregnancy and lactation. Implantation and placental physiology. Hormones placenta.
11. Fetal and neonatal endocrinology. Childbirth. Lactation. Hormonal changes and endocrine tests in pregnancy.
12. Hormones that affect the size and structure of the body. The hormones of the thyroid gland: thyrotropin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Hipotireizam. Acromegaly. Obesity, anorexia, and diet.
13. Regulation of appetite and thermogenesis. Heritage and syndromes thickness. Anorexia. Bulimia and other disorders in the diet. Starvation. Diabetes mellitus.
14. Hypothalamus and pituitary. Thyroid hormones that stimulate the thyroid gland. Hormones, thyroid metabolism, and function. Autoimmune thyroid disease.
15. Disorders of the endocrine system - the endocrinopathies.
SEMINARS
1. Hormones and behavior
2. Hermaphroditism
3. Hormones in insects
4. Retinoic acid
5. FMRFamide
6. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ
7. Transport of hormones in the blood
8. Pars intermedia
9. Male sex hormones
10. Male sex hormones - the menstrual cycle
11. Pregnancy and lactation
12. RAS
13. Ghrelin, gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide
14. Diabetes
15. Parathyroid
Other topics are possible upon agreement, depending on the interests of the students.
EXERCISES
1. The influence of thyroid hormones on metabolism
2. Digestion
3. Insulin and Diabetes
4. Implication of ovarectomy and hormonal therapy
5. Designation of hormonal status (mouse, rat)
6. The methods of assisted reproduction

1. Medicinska fiziologija, 11. izdanje, Guyton AC, Hall JE, Medicinska naklada, Zagreb, 2006.
2. Reprodukcijska endokrinologija i neplodnost, Šimunić V, Školska knjiga, 2012.
3. Molecular endocrinology, Bolander BB, Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.

Izborni kolegiji - Regular study - Molecular Biology