LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Recognize, define and describe structure of eukaryotic cell and compare it with the structure of simpler prokaryotic cell.
2. Describe and explain processes which take place in certain cellular compartments and connect them with functioning of the entire cell.
3. Identify and describe each phase of cell division of somatic and germ cells.
4. Apply techniques of light and electron microscopy and use basic techniques of molecular biology.
5. Analyse, summarise and interpret information obtained on the basis of the written text (book chapter or scientific article).
COURSE CONTENT:
During this course students will get an integral knowledge about chemical and biological origin of life as well as on cell structure, molecular organisation and function of cell organelles. The special attention is given to the practical part of the course where students get the basic skills in light microscopy and cell fractionation and acquire basic techniques of molecular biology.
LECTURES
1. Chemical composition of the cell
2. Methods in cell biology; Light and electron microscopy, Cell fractionation and centrifugation; Protein electrophoresis and chromatography; Comet test; Polymerase chain reaction
3. Cell theory and origin of the first cells; Basic plan of cellular organisation; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Differences between eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cell)
4. Biomembranes: biomembrane organisation; Fluid mosaic model; Lipid bilayer; Membrane proteins and carbohydrates; Membrane transport
5. Mitochondria: Organisation and function; inner membrane and its role in energy conversion (oxidative phosphorylation); Biogenesis and origin of mitochondria; Endosymbiotic theory; Mitochondrial genome
6. Plastids: Plastid; Plastid genome; Chloroplast structure and ultrastructure; Thylakoid membranes and energy conversion; Peroxisome structure and function
7. Endoplasmic reticulum: Organisation and function; Rough ER and cotranslational protein import; Smooth ER and lipid synthesis; Vesicular transport of molecules
8. Golgi complex: Organisation and function; Biochemical and functional compartmentalization of Golgi complex; Chlatrin coated vesicles; Lysosomes and vacuoles; Protein secretion
9. Cytoskeleton: Organisation and function; Microfilaments; Intermediate filaments; Microtubules; Cilia and flagella
10. Signal transduction pathway: From receptor in the cell membrane to the target molecule; Hormones in signal transduction; Cell to cell communication
11. Nucleus: Organisation and function; Nuclear envelope; Chromatin and chromosomes; From DNA to chromosomes; Synthesis of ribosomal RNA
12. Cell cycle; Mitosis and cell cycle control; Endomitosis; Polytene chromosomes; C-mitosis
13. Meiosis; Crossing over; Genetic recombination
14. DNA structure and replication
15. Transcription and Translation
PRACTICAL WORK
1. Microscopy
2. Cell structure and basic organisational cell types
3. Biomembranes: indirect observations
4. Plastids
5. Nucleus. Mitosis
6. Endomitosis. Polytene chromosomes and C-mitosis
7. Meiosis I: section preparation and microscopy
8. Meiosis II: problem solving
9. Isolation of nuclei and DNA fibres
10. Isolation of genome DNA from plant material by home-made method
11. Isolation of genome DNA from transgenic plant Arabidopsis thaliana and plasmid DNA from laboratory strain of bacterium Escherichia coli
12. PCR, electrophoresis and DNA restriction analysis
SEMINAR
Seminar part of the course is linked to lectures and includes preparation of oral presentation and written abstract of each student based on book chapter and/or scientific article.
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- Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th ed. Alberts, Bruce i sur. New York: Garland Publishing; 2008
- The Cell - A Molecular Approach. 2nd ed. Cooper, Geoffrey M. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc; 2000.
- Stanica, molekularni pristup. Cooper, Geoffrey M - hrvatsko izdanje, Zagreb: Medicinska naklada; 2004.
- Krsnik-Rasol M, Besendorfer V, Jelenić S, Balen B, Malenica N, Peharec P. PRAKTIKUM IZ STANIČNE I MOLEKULARNE BIOLOGIJE, interna skripta i obrasci, http://www.pmf.unizg.hr/biol
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